All actors

Cotton Sandstorm

Also reported as NEPTUNIUM, HAYWIRE KITTEN, Emennet Pasargad, Holy Souls, MARNANBRIDGE and 2 other names. Linked to Iran by three sources.

Reports
17
Last reported
Known CVEs
27
Origin
Iran
ID
cotton-sandstorm
Merge evidence
11 alias matches

Reports per quarter

  1. 2019 Q2: 2 reports
  2. 2019 Q3: no reports
  3. 2019 Q4: no reports
  4. 2020 Q1: no reports
  5. 2020 Q2: no reports
  6. 2020 Q3: no reports
  7. 2020 Q4: no reports
  8. 2021 Q1: no reports
  9. 2021 Q2: no reports
  10. 2021 Q3: no reports
  11. 2021 Q4: 1 report
  12. 2022 Q1: 1 report
  13. 2022 Q2: no reports
  14. 2022 Q3: no reports
  15. 2022 Q4: no reports
  16. 2023 Q1: 2 reports
  17. 2023 Q2: 2 reports
  18. 2023 Q3: 1 report
  19. 2023 Q4: no reports
  20. 2024 Q1: 1 report
  21. 2024 Q2: 1 report
  22. 2024 Q3: 1 report
  23. 2024 Q4: 2 reports
  24. 2025 Q1: no reports
  25. 2025 Q2: 1 report
  26. 2025 Q3: no reports
  27. 2025 Q4: no reports
  28. 2026 Q1: 1 report
  29. 2026 Q2: 1 report
Dated reports, 2019 Q2 to 2026 Q2.

Techniques seen in the last two years

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Counts come from technique IDs in the actor's report text.

CVEs named in reports

Show all 27 CVEs Show fewer

KEV marks a CVE in CISA's Known Exploited Vulnerabilities Catalog, and “ransomware” marks one that the catalog records as used in ransomware campaigns.

Reports

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  1. How Microsoft names threat actors

    date in the title fromORKL

Newest first. Details opens the report in Explore.